Promosi Kesehatan Pada Ibu Hamil  dengan Pendekatan Theory Planned Behavior (TPB) : Literatur Review

Yuni Retnowati; Suryo Ediyono

doi:10.35334/borticalth.v7i2.5882

Promosi Kesehatan Pada Ibu Hamil dengan Pendekatan Theory Planned Behavior (TPB) : Literatur Review

Yuni Retnowati, Suryo Ediyono

Abstract

Salah satu pendekatan yang dapat digunakan untuk memahami perilaku kesehatan ibu hamil adalah Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas TPB dalam mempromosikan perilaku kesehatan ibu hamil melalui tinjauan literatur. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah tinjauan literatur dengan seleksi artikel dari beberapa database utama seperti PubMed, Scopus, dan Google Scholar. Kriteria inklusi meliputi penelitian yang membahas intervensi kesehatan berbasis TPB pada ibu hamil yang dipublikasikan dalam 10 tahun terakhir. Hasil tinjauan menunjukkan bahwa TPB dapat secara signifikan menjelaskan niat ibu hamil dalam menjalankan perilaku sehat, termasuk nutrisi, aktivitas fisik, pencegahan anemia, dan manajemen depresi. Kontrol perilaku yang dipersepsikan dan niat merupakan prediktor terkuat dari perilaku kesehatan ibu hamil. Namun, terdapat kesenjangan antara niat dan perilaku aktual, yang menunjukkan perlunya strategi tambahan untuk mendukung implementasi perilaku sehat. Dukungan sosial dari keluarga dan tenaga kesehatan serta peningkatan self-efficacy ditemukan penting untuk mengatasi hambatan yang dihadapi ibu hamil dalam merealisasikan niat sehat mereka. Implikasi dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa program berbasis TPB harus memperhatikan faktor-faktor psikologis dan sosial yang dapat mempengaruhi kemampuan ibu hamil untuk menerapkan perilaku sehat secara efektif.

Keywords

Kehamilan; Kontrol Perilaku; Promosi Kesehatan; Theory of Planned Behavior

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.35334/borticalth.v7i2.5882