Risiko Paparan COVID-19 pada Perawat di Ruang Isolasi

Abstract

Abstrak

Pendahulua: risiko dan bahaya penularan penyakit infeksi di tempat kerja  bagi perawat mengalami peningkatan  seiring dengan pertambahan jumlah dan intensitas interaksi dengan pasien. Tujuan penelitian: menilai  risiko paparan COVID-19 pada perawat yang merawat pasien COVID-19 di ruang isolasi COVID-19. Metode penelitian: desain cross sectional dengan pendekatan observasional. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 50 orang responden  yang ditentukan dengan metode total sampling  pada perawat yang bekerja di ruang isolasi COVID -19 di salah satu rumah sakit rujukan pasien COVID-19 di kota Makassar, Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 50 orang responden  yang ditentukan dengan metode total sampling. Hasil: perawat yang memberikan asuhan keperawatan pada pasien COVID-19 di ruang isolasi, 100% telah terpapar dengan  COVID-19. Risiko paparan COVID-19 dinilai dari kepatuhan perawat  terhadap pencegahan dan pengendalian infeksi (PPI) saat melakukan asuhan keperawatan yaitu 18% responden berisiko tinggi terpapar COVID-19,  dinilai dari kepatuhan perawat  terhadap PPI  saat melakukan prosedur penghasil aerosol yaitu 20% responden responden berisiko tinggi terpapar COVID-19. Risiko paparan COVID-19 dinilai dari kecelakaan kerja dengan material biologis  saat memberikan asuhan keperawatan sekitar 16% responden berisiko tinggi terpapar COVID-19 sebab saat melakukan asuhan keperawatan pernah mengalami kecelakaan kerja dengan material biologis  berupa terpercik cairan biologis atau cairan pernapasan di selaput lendir mata, hidung dan mulut. Kesimpulan: perawat yang merawat pasien COVID-19 di ruang isolasi COVID-19 berisiko terpapar COVID-19. Implikasi manajer keperawatan diharapkan menerapkan manajemen risiko dan bahaya di tempat kerja perawat.

Kata kunci : COVID-19; keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja perawat; perawat; risiko paparan

Abstract

Background: The risks and dangers of transmitting infectious diseases in the workplace for nurses have increased along with the increasing number of patients and the high intensity of interaction with patients. Aimed: assess the risk of exposure to COVID-19 in nurses caring for COVID-19 patients in COVID-19  isolation rooms. Method:  used a cross-sectional design with an observational approach. Sample consisted of 50 respondents, who were determined by the total sampling method to  nurses working in the COVID-19 isolation room at one of the referral hospitals for COVID-19 patients in Makassar, Indonesia. Result: 100% of respondents who provide nursing care to COVID-19 patients in isolation rooms had been exposed to COVID-19. The risk of exposure to COVID-19 was assessed from the obedience of nurses to IPC when carrying out nursing care, that is an 18% respondents high risk of exposure COVID-19, assessed from the obedience of nurses to IPC when aerosol-producing procedures, namely 20% of respondents high risk of exposure COVID-19. The risk of exposure to COVID-19 was assessed from work accidents with biological materials  to around 16% of respondents high risk of exposure COVID-19 because while carrying out nursing care, they experienced work accidents with biological materials in the form of splashed biological fluids or respiratory fluids on the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose and mouth. Conclusion:  nurses caring for COVID-19 patients in the  isolation room are at risk of exposure to COVID-19. Implications: nursing managers are expected to implement risk and hazard management in the nurse's workplace.

 

Keyword: COVID-19: nurse; occupational health nursing; riks exposure