STUDI MORFOLOGI DAN FENETIK TAKSONOMI IKAN INTRODUKSI KHAS TELAGA SARI, PASURUAN
Abstract
Anggota Famili Poeciliidae merupakan ikan introduksi dengan karakteristik berukuran kecil, live-bearers, dimorfi seksual dari segi ukuran tubuh, pola warna dan struktur gonopodium sebagai ciri diagnostik pada ikan jantan. Ikan ini berperan sebagai pengontrol perkembangan nyamuk malaria dan model pembelajaran biologi. Sejauh ini kajian taksonomi dan penelusuran hubungan kekerabatan didalam famili Poeciliidae belum ada. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi jenis, kekerabatan dan pengelompokkan berdasarkan karakter morfologi (morfometrik, meristrik, gonopodium dan ciri diagnostiknya). Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif eksploratif, dengan pendekatan survey. Pada penelitian ini ditemukan tiga spesies ikan Poeciliidae yaitu Xiphoporus helleri, Poecilia mexicana dan Poecilia reticulata. Dendogram hasil analisis morfologi menggunakan metode UPGMA diperoleh dua kelompok percabangan apomorfi yaitu kelompok Genus Xiphoporus dan Genus Poecilia. Sub Clade automorfi antara Xiphoporus helerri A dan B dengan nilai kesamaan 92%. Pengelompokkan ikan Poeciliidae dibedakan berdasarkan lima karakter utama terpilih yaitu: SL (standart length), Hdl (Panjang kepala), Panjang gonopodium, panjang sirip ekor dan PreDL (Panjang sebelum sirip dorsal).Kejelasan identifikasi ikan introduksi khas Telaga Sari menjadi modal utama dalam aquaculture, manajemen, konservasi, biodiversitas dan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan.
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